Theory about methods

Process of the device’s development and software’s design was preceded by a huge analytical work for consolidation and systematization of the existing scientific achievements. Thereof, for the definition of different parameters of human health, the software USPIH combined commonly-known equations, practically revised and improved recognized formulas, as well as the invented mathematical algorithms, which have been based however on the evident physiological and biochemical interrelations, described in the number of scientific works of famous and recognized scholars, such as Claude Shannon (Shannon's channel capacity theorem, which applies to live organisms and their products such as communications channels and molecular machines that make choices from several possibilities, the 1940s), SJ Singer and GL Nicolson (Henry’s law and Dalton’s law – described in "The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes", 1972); Goldstein, J.L. and M.S. Brown ("Model of low-density lipoproteins", 1977-1984), A. L. Lehninger (Bioenergetics, 1965; Biochemistry, the Molecular Basis of Cell Structure and Function, 1975), Waldram, J. R. (The Theory of Thermodynamics, 1985), Schneider, T. D. (Theory of molecular machines. I. Channel capacity of molecular machines and Theory of molecular machines II. Energy dissipation from molecular machines, 1991), Shinitzky (Membrane fluidity and cellular functions, 1984), Hensel H. (Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation, 1981), Schmidt, Robert F., Thews, Gerhard (Human Physiology, 2005), etc. Most of the fundamental scientific works concerned the questions of a cell’s structure and work of a cell membrane, appearance and development of different biochemical reactions, which characterize one or another metabolic process, and as a result, heat production and heat loss in a process of vital activity, as well as thermoregulation of a human organism, which is affected by the environmental factors (air temperature, atmospheric pressure, light lux and gaseous compound of air). As a human organism exists and lives due to the million internal chemical reactions, so all vital processes of a body are supported and regulated by chemical reactions, which are subject to the laws of thermodynamics. Temperature affects not only the rate of chemical reactions but also is the reason for proteins' alteration, phase transition of lipids and changes of water structure. The temperature of body tissues is defined by the ratio of metabolic heat production of cell structures and the rate of heat emission into the environment. Consequently, the heat exchange between an organism and the environment is an essential condition for the existence of a living organism. Violation of the mentioned ratio leads to a change in body temperature.
The algorithm of the MD ANALYZER is based on the provisions of the thermal homeostasis of a body and its relationship to changes in blood flow and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, which are accompanied by the changes of peripheral blood cell composition and hormones, mineral, protein, amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the activity of the thrombin-plasmin system (TPS). In fact, TPS determines the number of functioning capillaries per unit area. TPS activity varies depending on the rate of blood flow in internal organs due to the functioning of a heart, correlated with heat production. Depending on the rate of oxygen delivery to a cell, the changes of blood circulation occur and they accompanied by the changes of temperature characteristics of the reference points, as well as the time of their stabilization. The degree of enzymatic, hemodynamic and metabolic activity is defined by the haematopoiesis system and cellular composition of peripheral blood.
Selection of the points of placement, information about which is the most valuable for the algorithm of calculation, was done on the base of the knowledge about the anatomic location of chemoreceptors on a human body. Location of the chosen points is the following:
2 points - are placed on a neck, left and right, at the area of the carotid body. The carotid body is a small cluster of chemoreceptor cells, and supporting sustentacular cells. The carotid body is located in the adventitia, in the bifurcation (fork) of the common carotid artery, which runs along both sides of the neck. The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. It is also sensitive to changes in blood pH, and temperature. Thereby, the carotid body modulates cardiovascular and respiratory function primarily through sympathetic tone.
2 points - are placed in armpits, left and right, at the top of the axillary crease, where axillary arteria is the closest to the skin surface. Temperature values in this area, first of all, reflect pulmonary regulation of a breathing act, which depends on the work of irritative receptors, Type-J and pulmonary stretch receptors and regulates the volume of oxygen, which is necessary for an organism in the moment of time (with respect to the load, physical activity or resting state);
1 point - is placed near the navel – one sensor is placed near the navel – the abdominal area on the lumbar level was chosen due to the concentration of three large vessels of a body, namely aorta, inferior vena cava and thoracic duct. The temperature of this area influences the synthesis of essential amino acids and regulatory hormones etc. It is related to the functioning of adrenal glands` chromaffin cells (chemosensory cells), as negative feedback of O2 sensing, first of all).